Back to Periodontal Therapy

Cavities and tooth decay are among the most common diseases in the world today, and if left untreated can lead to pain, infection, and tooth loss. Tooth decay is caused by bacteria that produce acids when in the presents of certain foods, such as sugar. When acid levels in the mouth rise, the PH level drops. Saliva helps to keep the PH neutral but when the PH level drops too low demineralization can occur initializing the process of tooth decay. Normal eating habits allow saliva to remineralize the tooth and return the PH level of the mouth to normal after eating. Constant snacking however, especially on sugary foods, can prevent remineralization and put teeth at a greater risk of decay. Tooth decay can occur on different surfaces of the tooth. Pits and Fissures on the chewing surface of the molars are the location of over 50% of cavities since deep folds in the enamel make cleaning difficult. In addition tooth decay is commonly found on the smooth surfaces between the teeth, especially when flossing is neglected. Exposed, vulnerable root surfaces resulting from gum recession is also an area where tooth decay may form. The earliest signs of tooth decay appear as a white, chalky spot on the tooth surface. This is an area when the enamel has been demineralized. As this spot continues to demineralize it will turn yellow or brown. Tooth decay is reversible as long on the decay remain in the enamel. If remineralization does not occur the tooth structure will break down and a cavity will form. The cavity will continue to erode the enamel and eventually reach the dentin. Decay spreads more quickly in dentin and the cavity rapidly expands. If left untreated the decay will reach the pulp of the tooth and become infected. The treatment required removes all the decayed tooth material using a drill. The missing tooth structure then requires some type of restoration. Smaller areas may just need a filling or inlay. If a large area of the tooth is removed an onlay or crown may be necessary. If decay as reached the plump chamber root canal therapy may also be required.

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